ЯВЛЕНИЕ ДЕНОТАТИВНОСТИ В АВСТРАЛИЙСКОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ

УДК 811.111 Вакина Людмила Юрьевна учитель английского языка, МБОУ Школы № 17 Россия, г. Саров e-mail:vaslmila@yandex.ru ЯВЛЕНИЕ ДЕНОТАТИВНОСТИ В АВСТРАЛИЙСКОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ Аннотация: «Мне приходится выбирать между этим светом, тем светом и Австралией» Оскар Уайльд. Австралия. Это такой далекий и загадочный континент. Однако что мы знаем об этом? На самом деле много! Во время урока «Путешествие в Австралию», мы посмотрели видео-обращение от жителя Австралии, который обсудил особенности австралийского варианта английского языка и его проявлений в повседневной жизни. Кроме того, мы решили изучить феномен денотат в австралийском языке. Ключевые слова: Австралия, денотант, сленг, конннотативность. Vakina Lyudmila Yurievna English teacher, MBOU of School No. 17 Russia, Sarov THE PHENOMENON OF DENOTATIVITY IN AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH Abstract: "I have to choose between this light, That light and Australia" Oscar Wilde. Australia. It's such a distant and mysterious continent. However, what do we know about it? Actually a lot! During the lesson”Travel to Australia", we watched a video appeal from an Australian resident who discussed the features of the Australian version of the English language and its manifestations in everyday life. In addition, we decided to study the phenomenon of denotation in the Australian language. Key words: Australia, denotation, slang, connotationality. "I have to choose between this light, The light and Australia." (Oscar Wilde). Australia... it is such a far away and mysterious English speaking country. However, what do we know about it? In fact, a lot! During the lesson “A Trip to Australia”, we watched a video message from an inhabitant of Australia, who discussed the peculiarities of Australian English and its manifestations in everyday life. 1 Журнал «Трибуна ученого» Выпуск 12/2023 https://tribune-scientists.ru Furthermore, we decided to explore the phenomenon of denotation in the Australian language. It is common knowledge that throughout certain periods of history, Great Britain was the most prolific empire in the world according to the number of its colonies. Moreover, amongst the large number of colonies was Australia. Knowing this, you can understand it is logical for people in Australia to speak English! Now with confidence, believing that you know what to expect, you decide to travel to the Australian continent. Nevertheless, how great will be your surprise when, instead of the familiar greeting «Hello», you will hear «G'day»! The language of everyday communication in Australia is English, but it differs significantly from British English, which provides a valid reason to call it «Australian English». Australians informally call their language «strine» («strine» - from the Australian pronunciation of the word «Australian»). The aim of the following work is to explore the denotative spheres of Australian slang. The tasks are: - To study and analyze variation in the Australian language; -to study the origins of the Australian language; -to explore lexical features of the Australian English; -to explore lexical peculiarities in Australian speech; -to explore the phenomenon of denotation in Australian English. The object of our scientific research is the Australian version of the English language. The subject of our scientific research is the denotative aspects of slang in Australian English. The expected results: this work will motivate readers to learn more about Australian English, and will stimulate students of English to understand the speech, customs and traditions of Australia. English belongs to the Teutonic or Germanic branch of the Indo-European family of the languages. It is only in the course of the last hundred years that English Журнал «Трибуна ученого» Выпуск 12/2023 https://tribune-scientists.ru 2 is become a world language .In Shakespeare's time it was a provincial language of secondary importance with only six million native speakers. The differences between American English and British English were then magnified by choices made by the first influential lexicographers (dictionary writers) on each side of the Atlantic. While spellings such as "center" and "color" had been common in both North America and England since the time of Shakespeare, Samuel Johnson's dictionary of 1755 greatly favored Norman-influenced spellings. On the other hand, Noah Webster's first guide to American spelling, published in 1783, moved sharply away from the Norman-influenced spellings. The difference in strategy and philosophy of Johnson and Webster are what gave rise to the main division in English spelling that exists today. There are several variants of the English language: British, American, Australian, New Zealand, South Africa, Nigeria, India, Singapore options and numerous new varieties of the English language. In this chapter, we will examine the variation of the Australian English. Australian English is relatively homogenous when compared with British and American English. The major varieties of Australian English are sociocultural rather than regional, being general, broad and cultivated Australian. There is however some regional variation between the states, particularly in regards to South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia. These differences come down to different preferences for word usage, as well as some pronunciations. Three main varieties of Australian English are spoken according to linguists: broad, general and cultivated [Bernard J.R., L.B. On the Uniformity of Spoken Australian English. “Obris”, t XVIII, № 1, 1969]. They are part of a continuum, reflecting variations in accent. They can, but do not always reflect the social class, education and urban or rural background of the speaker. Broad Australian English is recognizable and familiar to English speakers around the world. It is prevalent nationwide but is especially common in rural areas. Examples of people with this accent are Steve Irwin, Paul Hogan and Julia Gillard. In Australia, this dialect is sometimes called Strine (or "Strayan"), a shortening of the 3 Журнал «Трибуна ученого» Выпуск 12/2023 https://tribune-scientists.ru word Australian, and a speaker of the dialect may be referred to as an Ocker. Tests indicated that the Broad speakers demonstrated a greater tendency for syllable assimilation and consonant elision, were more likely to use weak consonants or restricted intonation (narrow pitch range), were more likely to speak slowly (drawl), and further, showed a greater tendency to exhibit pervasive nasality. The most common of Australian accents is known as General Australian English. It is especially prominent in urban Australia, is used as a standard language for Australian films, television programs and advertising, and is used by Hugh Jackman, John Howard and Eric Bana. Cultivated Australian English has some similarities to Received Pronunciation. In recent generations, it has fallen sharply in usage. Cultivated Australian English has in the past been perceived as indicating high social class or education. Malcolm Fraser, Alexander Downer and Geoffrey Rush speak it. The relationship between words and meanings is extremely complicated, and belongs to the field of semantics. The first, and possibly most important, distinction within the field of semantics is between connotative and denotative meaning. Our work is devoted to the observation of phenomenon denotation in the Australian English, but talking about this phenomenon it is impossible not to mention the phenomenon of connotation, because these two concepts are not only related but also have different conceptual meaning. A denotative meaning is the primary meaning, whereas the connotative meaning is the secondary meaning of a word or phrase. For example, dog has a denotative meaning of “domestic canine” and connotative meanings of “ugly” or “aggressive”. If we take the word house, for instance, conjures a picture of the structure itself (denotative meaning) in the mind of any native speaker. However, one person may think of warmth and comfort (connotative meanings) when he or she hears the word house because of positive memories the word draws out. Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word. For example, if we look up the word snake in a dictionary, we will discover that one of its denotative meanings is “an animal with a long thin body and no legs, which often has a poisonous bite”. The 4 Журнал «Трибуна ученого» Выпуск 12/2023 https://tribune-scientists.ru connotative meanings of a word exist together with the denotative meanings. The connotations for the word snake could include evil or danger. In our work, we have studied the most interesting concepts of denotation and connotation in Australian English, dividing them on the following spheres, which in our opinion are the most interesting. Vegetable world: To this sphere we refer lexical units, characterize objects of flora. Plants:Mull \\ grass Yield:Avos \\ avocados Flowers:Bluey \\ bluebottle Trees:Turps \\ turpentine Studied the lexical unit, describing the objects of the plant world, we can make the following conclusion that slang expressions were educated by reducing the words. The animal world: This field contains lexical units, belonging to the animal world: Bities \\ biting insects Bitzer \\ mongrel dog Boomer \\ a large male kangaroo Kelpie \\ Australian sheepdog originally bred from Scottish collie Mozzie \\ mosquito Roo \\ kangaroo Ornithology:Chook \\ a chicken,Cockie \\ cockatoo Having analyzed lexical units, related to the animal world, we can conclude that these words characterize the fauna of Australia, because most of the words, which are presented above, are descended from the local language of the aborigines, for example, boomer, joey or jumbuck. Also among the above-mentioned words is the word borrowed from the language of Afrikaans - mossie. The human being and his characteristics: In this area, include lexical unit, describing the man with the various parties. 5 Журнал «Трибуна ученого» Выпуск 12/2023 https://tribune-scientists.ru Sex and age accessory:Sheila \ \ a woman,Galoh \\ a chap, a fellow,Ankle biter \\ A small child These lexical units, showing the sex and age of belonging, can be attributed to the Australian indigenous said. For example, Sheila comes from the woman's name Sheila, and ankle biter can be considered as local slang. Racial and national characteristics: Aussie \\ Australian Pom, pommy, pommiean \\ Englishman Reffo \\ refugee Seppo \\ an American Wog \\ person of Mediterranean origin Abo \\ an aboriginal Pommy \\ an English immigrant in Australia Eggs-a-Cook \\ an Egyptian These slang expressions related to racial and ethnic characteristics, mainly educated by reducing. For example, Aussie, abo, pom and pommy. Pom and pommy occurred from the expression of the Prisoner of Mother England. The word wog in origin meant a man with light brown or dark skin. Appearance and gestures: Cactus \\ dead, not functioning Stickybeak \\ nosy person Slang expression stickybeak was formed from the combination of two words sticky and beak. Features of the character and behavior: Bastard \\ endearment Battler \\ someone working hard and only just making a living Bludger- lazy person, layabout \\ somebody who always relies on other people to do things or lend him things, a sponger. Bounce \\ a bully Conch (adj. conchy) \\ a conscientious person 6 Журнал «Трибуна ученого» Выпуск 12/2023 https://tribune-scientists.ru Cranky \\ in a bad mood, angry Dag \\ a funny person Earbashing \\ nagging, non-stop chatter Knocker \\ somebody who criticises Larrikin \\ a bloke who is always enjoying himself Mug \\ gullible person No-hoper \\ somebody who will never do well Not the full quid \\ not bright intellectually Ocker \\ an unsophisticated person Show pony \\ someone who tries hard, by his dress or behaviour, to impress those around him Wobbly \\ excitable behavior Based on the material presented above it can be concluded that many slang words were formed by the reduction of the original form or borrowed from other dialects of the language, in this case, changing its original value. Data replacement and differences, as with the British variant, as well as with the rest of the options are manifested in the spheres, which are the most important and relevant for all Australians. In addition, differences are observed in professional terms and names of plants and animals, natural phenomena and living conditions that are missing in the British variant of English language. Bibliography: 1. Агапова И.В., Горбунова В.С. Особенности австралийского варианта английского языка // Перспективы Науки и Образования. 2014. Выпуск 3 (9). С. 142–146. 2. Анахаева А.А. К вопросу об австралийском национальном варианте английского языка // Вестник РУДН. 2011. Выпуск 2. С. 5–9. 3. Dixon R. M. W. [and others]. Australian Aboriginal Words in English. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2006. 262 p. 4. Australian English: Canguro English [Electronic resource]: video. 7 Журнал «Трибуна ученого» Выпуск 12/2023 https://tribune-scientists.ru 14.09.2016. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9cIniVl0bg (дата обращения: 12.04.2018 г.). 5. Burchfield R. The Cambridge History of the English Language: English in Britain and Overseas: Origins and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. 626 p. Журнал «Трибуна ученого» Выпуск 12/2023 https://tribune-scientists.ru 8